You may think that heart disease is just for humans, but our fluffy housemates can be affected by it, too. Although heart disease sounds like one condition, it’s actually a range of conditions affecting how the heart functions. These conditions can affect your pet’s circulation and, over time, the function of their other organs.
In most cases, heart disease develops gradually over time, which is why early detection is so important. Regular vet checks, particularly for senior pets, can help pick up heart disease early and get a treatment plan in place to manage it over the long term.
Common types of heart disease in dogs and cats
There are several types of heart disease seen in pets, including:
- Mitral valve disease: a condition where the valve between the heart’s chambers doesn’t close properly, causing blood to leak backwards and making the heart work harder. The most common heart condition in dogs, particularly in small and older breeds.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): a condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): the most common heart disease in cats, where the heart muscle becomes thickened.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF): a stage of heart disease where the heart can no longer pump effectively, leading to fluid build-up.
Heart disease affects both cats and dogs but in slightly different ways. In dogs, it’s often linked to heart valve problems, particularly mitral valve disease, and commonly leads to coughing.
In cats, heart disease tends to affect the heart muscle (such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), where the heart walls become thickened. Cats are also very good at hiding illness, but their behaviour tends to change – hiding, less active, difficulty breathing.
What causes heart disease in pets?
There is no single cause for heart disease. It is often a combination of factors including age, genetics, underlying conditions, like high blood pressure or thyroid disease in cats, obesity and lifestyle factors, like diet and exercise levels.
What are the common signs of heart disease?
The signs of heart disease can vary depending on the type and stage of heart disease, but they can include:
- Coughing (more common in dogs)
- Tiring easily and less energy (lethargy)
- Changes in breathing (look for rapid, laboured or shallow breathing)
- Fainting or collapsing
- Unexplained weight loss or eating less
In cats, the signs can be more subtle, but they can be less social, less active and show changes in breathing. Regular vet checks can help with early detection.
How is heart disease diagnosed?
To diagnose your pet, your vet may use a combination of a physical exam (including listening for a heart murmur), blood tests, imaging like X-rays and cardiac ultrasound to assess heart structure and function.
Early detection is key, especially in senior pets (7+ years). Routine screening tests can help identify underlying issues before symptoms become more serious. With the Best for Pet Wellness Plan, an annual blood and urine test is included, making it easier to monitor your pet’s health and detect conditions like heart disease early, so your vet can develop a tailored care plan.
How is heart disease treated in dogs and cats?
Heart disease can’t be cured but it can often be managed successfully for long periods with the help of your vet. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and the type of heart disease.
A long-term treatment plan may include medication to reduce fluid build-up and support heart function, changes to diet and ongoing monitoring and adjusting of the plan.
Managing your pet’s heart disease at home
By following these steps, you can help slow the progression of heart disease in your pet:
Regular exercise: Staying active is great for your pet’s heart, and yours too. For dogs, daily walks are a simple way to keep those heart muscles strong while boosting mental wellbeing. Cats can be encouraged to move more with interactive play, like toy mice or soft, fluffy toys.
Healthy diet: A premium diet plays a big role in supporting heart health. Foods that include omega-3 fatty acids can be especially beneficial. It’s always best to chat with your vet or about the right diet for your pet.
Look after their teeth: Dental health matters more than you might think. Bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart, particularly the valves. A yearly scale and polish performed by your vet can help, and brushing your pet’s teeth with pet-safe toothbrushes and toothpaste can make a big difference. (Avoid using human toothpaste.)
Maintain a healthy weight: Keeping your pet at a healthy, lean weight reduces extra strain on the heart. Excess weight can put added pressure on the heart, making it work harder than it should.
Give medication as prescribed: If your pet has been prescribed medication, make sure it’s given consistently and exactly as directed.
Keep up with vet visits: Regular check-ups help monitor your pet’s condition and allow for any adjustments to their care plan as needed.
If you notice any changes in your pet’s breathing, energy levels or behaviour, it’s important to speak with your vet.
